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(i) Everyone!
(ii) According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention,
35,000 individuals—1 in every 500 college students—are HIV
positive
d) Coates’ multidisciplinary team approach uses psychological
principles to prevent spread of AIDS
e) Successful interventions require three components
(i) Information: Provide knowledge about transmission and how
to prevent transmission
(ii) Motivation: People must be motivated to practice prevention
(iii) Behavioral skills: People must be taught how to put knowledge
to effective use
D. Treatment
1. Treatment focuses on helping individuals adjust to illnesses and recover from
them
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2. Three aspects of treatment
a) Patient Adherence
(i) Treatment regimens are often not followed, a serious problem
in health care
(ii) Health-care professionals can improve patient adherence to
treatment regimen through:
(a) Improving trust in efficacy of treatment as outweighing
treatment costs
(b) Communicating clearly, being courteous, and conveying a
sense of caring and support
(c) Health practitioners must recognize the role of cultural and
social norms in treatment, involving family and friends
when appropriate
b) Harnessing the mind to heal the body
(i) Psychological strategies can improve physical well-being
(ii) Relaxation response decreases muscle tension, cortical activity,
heart rate, and respiration rate
(iii) Biofeedback is a self-regulatory technique used for control of
blood pressure, relaxation of forehead muscles, and (even!)
extreme blushing
c) Psychological Impact on Health Outcomes
(i) Psychological factors influence serious illness
(ii) Social support and emotional disclosure can positively
influence the course of diseases such as cancer
E. Job Burnout and the Health-Care System
1. Job burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and
reduced personal accomplishment
a) Often experienced by workers in the health care system
b) Increasing today due to corporate downsizing
F. A Toast to Your Health
1. Set goals and restructure life so as to forge a healthy foundation
2. Nine steps to better health:
a) Give yourself and others only constructive criticism
b) Compare your reactions, thoughts, and feelings to those of other
individuals in your life who are in a comparable situation
c) Share feelings, joys, and worries with social support network
d) Develop a sense of balanced time perspective
e) Take credit for your successes and happiness
f) When feeling you are losing control over emotions, distance yourself
from situation to gain perspective
g) Learn from your failures
h) If you are unable to help either yourself or another individual in
distress, seek the counsel of a trained specialist
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CHAPTER 13: EMOTION, STRESS, AND HEALTH
i) Cultivate healthy pleasures and past times
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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Motivation and emotion are constructs that have much in common, though each has significant
aspects that distinguish it from the other. Discuss with the class what seems to be the primary
difference between the two concepts? Why is it significant?
2. Have the class think of times when they felt strongly motivated but not “emotional.” Is it also
possible to feel strong emotion, without simultaneously feeling motivated to act in some way on
those feelings?