第125章
WORD LIST
*1. School 11. Lake 21. Whistle
2. Music 12. Crushed (G) 22. Red (G)
3. Orange 13. Street 23. Light (G)
4. Black (G) 14. Pay (G) 24. Dream
5. Buy (G) (I) *15. Heaven *25. Work
*6. Country 16. Spot 26. Burn (G)
7. Letter (G) (I) 17. Miss (G) 27. Three (G)
8. Tree 18. Smooth *28. Tattoo
9. Boy 19. Finger (G) (I) 29. Ashes (G)
10. Bat (G) (I) 20. Water (I) 30. Trash (G)
Premeasured words (5)
(G) = Critical words for guilty subject
(I) = Critical words for the innocent subject, one of which, water, or thirst, is the central theme of the
innocent letter.
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DATA SHEET
Suspect 1 Suspect 2
Stimulus Word
Response
Word
Reaction
Time
Expressive
Behavior
Response
Word
Reaction
Time
Expressive
Behavior
1. school
2. music
3. orange
4. black
5. buy
6. country
7. letter
8. tree
9. boy
10. bat
11. lake
12. crushed
13. street
14. pay
15. heaven
16. spot
17. miss
18. smooth
19. finger
20. water
21. whistle
22. red
23. light
24. dream
25. work
26. burn
27. three
28. tattoo
29. ashes
30. trash
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EXPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR ENCODING GUIDE
Code Letter Expressive Behavior
S Speech-disturbance behavior, such as stuttering, answering in an especially
low or loud voice, clearing throat, coughing, sighing, and so forth
P Physical movements, such as shifting in one’s seat, crossing and uncrossing
one’s legs, twisting, wringing hands, fidgeting with things, and so forth
F Facial expressions such as excessive smiling or frowning, wetting of the lips,
shifting of eyes, closing of eyes, and so forth
O Other unusual behavior you might notice and want to record that doesn’t fall
into the other categories
Expressive Behavior. Tally the instances of expressive behavior in the following table.
Suspect 1 Suspect 2
Categories S P F O S P F O
Critical
Words
Neutral
Words
Is there a difference in frequency of expressive behavior for critical and neutral words for the two suspects?
Verbal Responses: Some word association norms for a selected set of words are given below for
comparative purposes. They were collected from a sample of 1000 respondents.1
Word Associations (by percentage)
dream sleep (45), night (9), nightmare (5)
light dark (65), lamp (8), bright (3)
boy girl (77), man (4), scout (4)
street avenue (19), road (13), cars (1)
music song(s) (18), note(s) (17), sound (12)
black white (75), dark (5), cat (3)
smooth rough (33), soft (21), hard (14)
whistle train (9), noise (7)
red white (22), blue (20), black (12), blood (3)
Judged by these norms, how common or unusual and idiosyncratic were the word associations given by the
suspects? Is there a difference in the quality of their responses to the critical versus neutral words? Do the
1Kent, G. H., & Rosanoff, A. J. (1910). A study of association in insanity. American Journal of Insanity, 67, 37-96,
317-390. For a more recent discussion of these norms, see Woodworth, R. S., & Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental
psychology (rev. ed.). New York. Holt.
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differences give you clues to who is guilty? How?
Conclusion regarding verbal responses:
Reaction Time. Compute the mean RTs in the following table.
Categories Suspect Suspect
1 2
Premeasured neutral words
All neutral words
All critical words
Critical words in common
Do the suspects’ mean reaction times give you clues as to which one is guilty?