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would be coded present-negative; “Did
you have problems getting toilet trained?” would be coded past-negative; “Do you expect that we’ll
hire you if you continue to be considerate?” would be coded future positive.
2. Compute the frequency and percentage of each question type for each therapist category and
patient type.
3. Compute the average for each row and column total, collapsing across time focus for positive-
negative focus, and across the latter to get summaries of the time focus.
4. Compute the mean percentage of each question type by collapsing across all types of therapy.
5 . What conclusions can be drawn about types of questions asked by therapists in general, by each
therapist, and of each client?
6. Compare the different interpretations and treatment recommendations advanced by each of the
therapists.
DISCUSSION, EXTENSIONS, AND EXPERIMENTAL VARIATIONS
1. What are the similarities and differences among the three approaches to therapy?
2. What information-seeking strategies did the therapists use in their interviews?
3 . What are the possible consequences of such selective search strategies? What gives rise to them?
What effects might they have on the client? On the therapist’s perceptions of what the client is
“really like”?
4. What are the connections between the impression formation and management processes discussed
in the first section and comparable processes demonstrated here?
5. Do different types of therapy seem more appropriate for particular types of client problems?
6. Which “facts” of the case agree and which are in dispute among the different approaches?
7. What are the most significant differences among the therapeutic approaches? What were their
similarities?
8. Which therapist role seemed most interesting to play? What made it so?
9. Mention the limitations of this role-playing session—the lack of experience of the mock therapists,
the time constraints, and the client’s nonpathological condition.
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10. Raise the issue that any of the students might be solicited at some time for help with someone’s
psychological problem. How will they approach the problem of offering support and advice to
someone in need? (However, caution them against acting like therapists on the basis of their limited
experiences in this course.)
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
Prochaska, J. 0. (1984). Systems of psychotherapy: A transtheoretical analysis. Homewood, IL,: Dorsey Press.
Korchin, S. J. (1976). Modern clinical psychology. New York: Basic Books.
DSM-IV, 1993. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Traux, C.B., & Carkhuff, R-R. (1965). Experimental manipulation of therapeutic conditions. Journal of
Consulting Psychology, 29, 119-1924.
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THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION CODING FORM
Disorder:________________ Disorder:________________
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Past
Behavioristic
Present
Future
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Past
Psychodynamic
Present
Future
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Past
Humanistic
Present
Future
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